Stabilization of Lactate Dehydrogenase Following Freeze-Thawing and Vacuum-Drying in the Presence of Trehalose and Borate | Pharmaceutical Research | Springer Nature Link Skip to main content Stabilization of Lactate Dehydrogenase Following Freeze-Thawing and Vacuum-Drying in the Presence of Trehalose and Borate Published: August 1998 Volume 15 , pages 1215–1221 ( 1998 ) Cite this article Save article View saved research Pharmaceutical Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript Abstract Purpose . The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of trehalose and trehalose/sodium tetraborate mixtures on the recovery of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity following freeze-thawing and centrifugal vacuum-drying/rehydration. The storage stability of LDH under conditions of either high relative humidity or high temperature was also studied. Methods . LDH was prepared in buffered aqueous formulations containing trehalose alone and trehalose/'borate' mixtures. Enzymatic activity was measured immediately following freeze-thawing and vacuum-drying/rehydration processes, and also after vacuum-dried formulations were stored in either high humidity or high temperature environments. Also, glass transition temperatures (T g ) were measured for both freeze-dried and vacuum-dried formulations. Results . The T g values of freeze-dried trehalose/borate mixtures are considerably higher than that of trehalose alone. Freezing and vacuum-drying LDH in the presence of 300 mM trehalose resulted in the recovery of 80% and 65% of the original activity, respectively. For vacuum-dried mixtures, boron concentrations below 1.2 mole boron/ mole trehalose had no effect on recovered LDH. After several weeks storage in either humid (100% relative humidity) or warm (45°C) environments, vacuum-dried formulations that included trehalose and borate showed greater enzymatic activities than those prepared with trehalose alone. We attribute this stability to the formation of a chemical complex between trehalose and borate. Conclusions . The high T g values of trehalose/borate mixtures offer several advantages over the use of trehalose alone. Most notable is the storage stability under conditions of high temperature and high relative humidity. In these cases, formulations that contain trehalose and borate are superior to those containing trehalose alone. These results have practical implications for long-term storage of biological materials. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Access this article Log in via an institution Subscribe and save Springer+ from €37.37 /Month Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals Cancel anytime View plans Buy Now Buy article PDF 39,95 € Price includes VAT (China (P.R.)) Instant access to the full article PDF. 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